Occult objects act as magnets to your home. Christians, will suffer attacks if they have occult objects in their home. They might experience suicide, depression, or even flights may erupt more often between spouses, or siblings.
“Neither shalt though bring an abomination into thine house, lest though be a cursed thing like it:but though shalt utterly detest it, for it is a cursed thing” Deut 7:26
Cleaning your Household for an effective Fighting Ground.
Some of the Best Christian Authors have discussed this, Bree Keyton, Bill Schneobelen, and Kirt E Koch
“From there experience in deliverance, they have seen connections between objects in the home and oppression of spirits. “”They have suggested to get rid of all statues, (painting, needlework, and renderings OF) owls, cats, frogs, pigs, ect. on the grounds that these animals either are associated with Witchcraft, or are unclean in the old testament laws. We respectfully disagree, unless the owner of the statues is bowing down and worshipping them. God did make owls cats ect. They are good and to be received with thanksgiving. (1 Tim 4:3-4) Of Course there needs to be a balance. If a woman has a knick-knack shelf with 600 little toad statues on it, you might have to wonder a bit. We don’t think the occasional picture or ceramic statue is going to bring down curses” Bill Schnoebelen -Blood on the Doorposts
“Though through our experience, in most cases, three dimensional objects are most problematic.” “Most Christians who minister in this area agree that pictures are not nearly as problematic as statues and graven images”BillSchneobelen -Blood on the Doorposts
“Distroy all occult objects like amulets, talismans, fetishes, mascots, letters from heaven, lucky charms, threatening letters, figures of gods and cultic objects belonging to non-christian religions are crystallization points for demonic powers.Occult ABC A comprehensive examination of 71 forms of occult activity, their effect, and deliverance from them. Kurt E. Koch
“How often missionary wives have told me that from the moment that their husbands hung up a devil’s mask in their living room, there was strife and discord in the family. It is extremely foolish and shows a great lack of experience for missionaries in their collectors zeal to bring home devil’s masks and other cultic objects and to keep them in their homes” Occult ABC A comprehensive examination of 71 forms of occult activity, their effect, and deliverance from them. Kurt E. Koch
“A ministers wife on Prince Edward Island had collected a whole table-full of figures of gods and cultic objects from the mission field. Today she is in a mental institution”Occult ABC -Page 228- A comprehensive examination of 71 forms of occult activity, their effect, and deliverance from them. Kurt E. Koch
“I have often been asked if it is advisable to take figures carved in wood home from the mission field as souvenirs. Objects carved from new wood and those which were not consecrated to any deity are not dangerous. Unfortunately, it is the custom in some areas, like the island of Bali, to consecrate even the newly carved figures to gods to some demon.”Page 290- A comprehensive examination of 71 forms of occult activity, their effect, and deliverance from them. Kurt E. Koch
“In south Africa there are about 1.1 million Indian Immigrants. These immigrants brought their Hindu gods with them. I have visited a number of communities where they live. An evangelist who works among them told me the following story. A certain Hindu family had a daughter who had been dumb for years. Since the Hindu gods were unable to help, the parents came one day to the missionary asking for his help and prayers. Brother N. visited the family and prayer with them, The first day there was no reaction to be seen in the girl. She only uttered an inarticulate cry. Bother N. Wrnt the next day and the day after. On the third day, the girl suddenly asked a question. Everyone was filled with joy. The events of the next days, however showed that the girl was not completely free. One evening she started to writhe around on the ground like a snake. The father dent her to bed. The next morning he called in the missionary again. Brother N visited the family once more and asked them to bring out all their gods. The family had some sacred Hindu nails, used to ward off the spirits. The nails were handed over. Then the missionary prayed again for the girl. She still didn’t have complete deliverance. “Have you brought out everything?” the missionary asked the parents” The parents said they had. The daughter however interrupted and said: “Mother, what have you hidden in the bath?’ It was a beautiful idol which the mother was very loath to part with. Nevertheless she resolved to give up this idol, too. Then, the girl was freed. The child’s dumbness was not organic, but the effect of a ban resulting from sorcery” Occult ABC:A comprehensive examination of 71 forms of occult activity, their effect, and deliverance from them. Kurt E. Koch
Here is a great list taken from Bill Schneobelen’s Book -Blood on the Doorposts
These objects have been known to be an open doorway for Satan to access and attack your home.
A: Pagan Art Objects
These objects are very beautiful often from Africa, China and India – Countries that paganism flurishes in.
1- Statues of Buddha, Kwan Yin, Fo Hi, Foo dogs and some other Oriental Sculptures
A year ago, Target had a display of Buddha statues, and objects as art for your dressers. Thousands of people must have picked them up, not knowing what they have brought in their home
2. Native American Sand paintings- Kachina Dolls, Totem art.
3. African Statues: Especially when they are overtly sexual in nature.
4. African Wands or Staffs : Often sold as canes, they can be noted by their intricate carvings.
5. Dragons: A common symbol in the East, the dragon is venerated and worshipped in the most Oriental faiths. It is also a symbol of Satan in the Bible.
This one gentleman I am still standing in prayer for involved himself in witchcraft. His house was FILLED with dragon Statues. Along with is occult books, he said he was “drawn to the dragon statues” He was drawn to all the most ungodly things, Yoga, black arts. It just shows you that when you get yourself involved in occult items, you find yourself drawn to other cursed items. We have provided him literature, but he doesn’t see the connection. We are still praying for him
6: The Tai Chi Symbol: This is a circle divided in half by an S- Shaped line. One half is black, the other half white. It is the sacred symbol of Taoism and is used extensively in the Martial Arts (and also featured on the Korean Flag)
B: Occult Idols
These objects are more associated with the occult or Witchcraft subculture than a particular culture. Some have been venerated for centuries as sources of dark power.
1) Unicorns: Though marketed today as symbols of fantasy, freedom, and purity, the unicorn is worshipped in the occult as a symbol to invoke sexual lust and is believed by Satanists to be the “white horse” upon which the anti-christ will ride (Rev 6:2) (Dan 8:21-24)
2) Crystals: Not so much crystals as they appear in nature, but crystals which have been “charged” or “loaded” or prayed over by New Age Practitioners or witches. This means they have attempted to put spirit power or “life force” (demons) into them. If you have crystals that you are uncertain about, pray over them and plead the blood of Jesus over them. Then enjoy them as the beautiful creations they are, unless they have been shaped into occult artifacts.
3. Hex Signs: Pennsylvania Dutch. Also called “painted prayers”, these circular and colorful designs seen on farms and barns in Pennsylvania and else where are actually occult talismans. Their foundational symbols are drawn from occult workbooks.
4: “Italian Horn” Jewelry:
This is said to represent a Unicorn Horn and is often worn by men to increase their sexual power. It is a talisman to prevoke lust, and should not be worn by Christians.
5: Pegasus:
The winged Horse. Like the Unicorn, this is another mythical beast. Remember, what we call myths today were the very serious religions Paul denounced among the ancient Greeks and Romans (Acts 17:16-23. There are not to be trifled with.
6. Occult Toys: Some of these are a bit older or dated, but still popular. They are to give you an idea of what to look out for:
A:Dungeons and Dragons- Fantasy Role Playing Games. (Not only Bill Schnoebelen warns against this game, but many other former occult leaders who have been saved KNOW this game is very dangerous, and opens up the doorway for Satan.
The materials themselves, in many cases, contain authentic magical rituals. The Game authors, actually made sure a lot of their material and magic rituals were verified by hardcore satinists where the material was taken from magic grimoires or workbooks. Their intent is to have the game seem as real as possible.
http://www.chick.com/articles/dnd.asp
“Toys and games based solely on occult practices include Dungeons and Dragons, Crystlar, Black Star and Power Lords. These toys and games feature characters performing magic, sorcery and other occult practices, as well as having certain ‘powers’ over others, especially demons. Many of the spells and magic used are described in books of witchcraft” Phillips
B-Masters of the Universe- He-man and She-RA ect- For many children, He-Man has become a God-like figure. Children see them as omnipotent and omniscient. The Problem is when these shows add elements of Occult messages into them, the children go forth and act out what they see in play time. “‘by the power of Grayskull, I have the power!’ What is this child calling on? The chief promoter of the occult in the series is Skeletor, also known as Lord of Destruction. “Skeletor, whose face is actually a skull, carries a RAM’S HEAD staff. This staff, which is used in occult practices, often is seen with a dove crushed underneath it. Skeletor also has the power to astroproject himself and to read and control other people’s minds. This ability often is practiced by mediums. Many times, these books such as Harry potter, and She-RA show the children how to participate in actual occult practices that are taken out of Witchcraft books. What are your children inviting into their lives, and what exists in your home? No wonder some children have mental problems, or have ADD problems, with violent outbreaks.
“The entire series is based on occult practices: magic, sorcery, witchcraft, necromancy, etc. The show also blasphemes God by placing a mortal on the same plane as He. He Man is known as the most powerful man in the universe-he is called Master of the Universe. How is this possible when God tells us that He alone is Master of the Universe?” Phillips
c. Smurfs– A dated toy from the 80’s featured in Smurf music, or Smurf video clips. Papa Smurf is the most infamous wizard or sorcerer of our day. “Smurf” means “little devil.” Even if cloaked as a cute cartoon, if it’s “white” magic against “black” magic, the Smurfs are 100 percent occult.
“Many forms of the occult are contained in this cartoon. The most obvious display is through the character of Papa Smurf. Every time the Smurfs have a problem, they go to Papa Smurf who whips up a spell or recites an incantation to help them out. These are very strong images to the child’s mind. As Christians, we want children to learn to call on the Lord Jesus to help them through problems. In His Word, god tells us to trust Him, and only Him. He tells us not to rely on practices such as witchcraft to solve our problems. Nevertheless, children will not learn Godly principles if they are constantly saturated with images of characters using witchcraft and other occult practices to solve their problems.” Phillips
“The Smurfs cartoons also portray characters who are constantly using occult symbols. In one episode, Gargamel, the evil wizard, drew a pentagram on the floor and lit candles at each point. He then danced within the pentagram while chanting a spell. The pentagram is a five pointed star used in the practice of witchcraft. As Gargamel finished chanting the spell, a magical book opened across the room. A spirit left the book and entered Gargamel’s body, giving him power to battle the Smurfs. What Gargamel did in that episode is what witches have done through the centuries. This is an actual witchcraft practice which millions of children watched. In another episode, Papa Smurf used cloves of garlic to counteract a spell that Gargamel had placed on the Smurfs and their friend.” Phillips
d. My little Pony Figures- Unicorns, Pegasus ect
“Unicorns and winged horses, also known as a pegasus, are derived from Greek and Roman mythology. Many of the gods are to have owned these mythical creatures (sic). In fact, Pegasus, owned by Bellerophon, was a winged steed, unwearying of flight, which swept through the air as swift as a gale of wind. It was believed by the Greeks that Pegasus sprang from Gorgon’s blood after Perseus, another mythological character, killed her. Pegasus received its powers to fly when fitted with a golden bridle. After the death of his master, which Pegasus deliberately caused, Pegasus went to live in Zeus’s, god of thunder and lightning, stables (sic). It was Pegasus’s job to bring the lightning bolts and thunder to Zeus whenever he needed them.“Philliops
“…The ponies are playing in a pastel world with green pastures and beautiful springs and brooks. Flying dragons coming down from Heaven with demonic-looking riders interrupt the tranquil scene. The rider’s mission is to capture four of the ponies and take them back to the castle by midnight. A creature who is half man/half goat (the cartoon makes a special effort to draw your attention to his cloven hooves) greets the four ponies when they arrive. This creature also has horns protruding from the sides of his head and a bag hanging around his head.
“The creature’s demonic looking cohort, named Scorepan,…and transforms them into giant dragons” Phillips
“Meanwhile the other ponies in the pasture go to the wizard for help in rescuing their friends. The wizard lives among the mushrooms. (In the drug culture, drug users call a particular hallucinogenic mushroom a ‘magic mushroom’.) The wizard gives the ponies a piece of a rainbow, telling them that the power of the rainbow will help. The rainbow is a symbol representing the ‘New Age Movement.’ Armed with the piece of rainbow, the ponies and a little girl go to the castle, but get caught… the little girl throws the piece of rainbow into the air shouting, ‘The power of the rainbow will defeat you.’ In response, the half man/half goat creature releases his power of darkness, which forms a black rainbow that overshadows the one released by the little girl… [but] all of a sudden, the little rainbow overpowers the large black one and the spells are broken. The little girl squeals, “You can always depend on the power of the rainbow! Phillips
e. Carebears-
The occult images found in the Care Bear series are extremely subtle. On the surface, the Care Bears teach the children to express their feelings, especially those of love, to others. At first, these sound like very good ideas, but, they are Humanistic principles, which are in contradiction to God’s teachings. Magic and Eastern religious ideals also are prevalent in this series.” Phillips
“Throughout the Care Bear series, there is a subtle interweaving of three ingredients: Humanism, magic, and Eastern religions… the Bible tells us that true love is not based solely on feelings but on commitment. The Humanistic element of our society wants children to base their life and actions on their feelings. In reality, the most miserable people I know are those who have based their lives on their feelings instead of the Word of God… Humanism teaches: we are God; there are no absolutes; and we control our own destiny. This movement has its basis in Eastern religions, such as Buddhism and Hinduism. In line with this, the bears teach children to use their feelings to control their lives. As Christians, we know this is not true. The life of the believer is controlled by God and His will. Only He can solve our problems. On the other hand, Care Bears play an almost Godlike, or at least an angelic, role when helping out children in trouble and in establishing their own religious order and rituals.”Phillips
“Unicorns also are a symbol of the New Age Movement, which also is in direct contradiction to Scripture. New Agers consider the unicorn a symbol of innocence and gentleness personified in the conquering child Horus. The Egyptian solar hero is said to conquer through gentility. The New Age, also known as the Golden Age, is referred to as the Age of Aquarius and the Eon or Horus. Thus, in reality, the unicorn is the symbol of the future conqueror who will bring peace to the earth. The unicorn is a symbol of the anti-Christ, which the prophet Daniel described in his vision as the little horn which rises in the midst of the ten horns.”Phillip
f: Ouija Boards- Are EXTREMELY Bad
In 1861, Frenchman, Allan Kardac, was describing the Ouija board as instruments with which to open communications with the spirit world. In seven short years, the Ouija board had evolved from a mind-reader to portal of communication with the dead.
Satan and his demons USE the Ouija board to give advice. This guidance will even seem to be true, and good, and helpful. Satan gives advice on your love life, and things you earnestly want to know, which is the draw to this board. This is the lie though- Satan and his demons pretend to be caring. It always starts this way.
The Bible says, “And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. It is not surprising, then, if his servants masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will be what their actions deserve” (2 Corinthians 11:14-15).
Satan and his demons will do this in order to get a person even more deeply involved in spiritist practices. Things like the Ouija board appear to be innocent at first, and fun, but testimonies show OVER AND OVER that a person soon finds themselves addicted to the advice from the spirit world. They soon find themselves giving over control to Satan and he eventually destroys their life. Read the testimony of a man who started playing only to give a demon contol over his writing and his talking. He couldn’t control what came out of his mouth. He found freedom in ONLY giving his life over to Christ.
1 Peter 5:8 warns us, “Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour.” The Ouija Board may be advertised as just as game, and that is exactly what Satan wants us to believe.
We hear it over and over, that many people are deceived into believing that Ouija Boards arejust a game. They believe all these games and objects are harmness. That is Satan’s lie. The truth of the matter is that God views channeling, or consulting spirits or the dead, to be a serious sin.
Deuteronomy 18:11-12 says that anyone engaged in these practices is “detestable to God.” According Old Testament Law, the Israelites were supposed to stone (execute) anyone who was a medium or a channeler (Leviticus 20:27).
g) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles- The Ninja Elements are not Godly, eastern religious tones
h) Holloween Oriented Objects/ Toys.
Once you do come across the history of this celebration, a person must choose to either follow Satan, or choose to Walk with Jesus. There is no in-between.
Holloween is the highest satanic day of the year, did you know? Several times a year, in satanic circles , and on Halloween, a human sacrifice is performed. In history, pagan followers who would go door to door, asking for a child to burn as a sacrifice to the “Gods” They would put them in wicker baskets or cages and hang them above “bone fires”. If you did not give a child to them, an evil spirit was relased in your home with the intention to kill someone in the family by morning. They would collect the children or people, and then ALLOW them a way out of being killed. They would have huge containers that have been boiling for hours, and they would put apples in them. If the people could successfully bob and get an apple on the first try, they would be released, but also scarred for life. ALL the traditions with Halloween have a story behind them, yet we think it is cute and fun to do. That is satans lie. The most saddest part is when Christians participate in this, or whole churches throw Halloween parties, asking the congregation to dress up in Christian charactors. Holloween is the celebration for the devil, and nothing of it is Godly. If you are a Christian and keep partipating in this festival, I do pray that you will look up the images, and traditions and line them up with the word of God. I do pray you will leave this celebration.
i) Some Video Games. Nintendo, sega, ect. SOme have a high occult content, and others do not. You need to go through your games, and sometimes it will be obvious, and other times not
j: Cabbage Patch Dolls- Many children have been oppressed by these dolls. Troll dolls and Cabbage Patch dolls, from the Orient, have a connection with the occult .
7. Heavy Metal Rock Posters or albums (secular or Christian)
Heavy metal Music are either occult, satanic, or associated with the dark world of sado-masochism and perverted sexual dominace and bondage of women.
8. Occult Jewelry
a) Pentagrams- 5 Pointed Stars- either inverted (2 points up, the symbol of Satanism, or up right, (one point up- the symbol of “white” witchcraft) Often times they are shown on buildings, rings. Target now sells metal stars you can hang on your homes. When the point is upward, it means it is “white magic” but in reality, the works of darkness are all the same.
b. Hexagrams- 6 pointed starts, the symbol of the anti-christ in satanism. Even more evident is the start circumscribed by a circle.
c. Anku- Crux ansanta or a looped cross- Egyptian symbol of eternal love and lust. It now common for the symbol of feminism from the strological symbol for the planet Venus. The T part of the cross represented life or wisdom, and the circle or oval stood for eternity
d) SS runes (Nazi and Acient Norse) Looks like twin lighting bolts. These are disguised initals of the Horned God of Witchcraft.
The Harry Potter Movie shows the two satanic symbols on the forehead. We then had tons of parents allowing their children to put this demonic sign between their eyes. I couldn’t have seen something more obvious and demonic.
e) Skull and Cross bones- Another Symbol of the Horned God of Witchcraft.
f) Birthstone Jewelry- borderline. You need to pray about it. birthstones are rooted in astrology
9. Religious Crucifixes, statues of Mary, and other Catholic Statuary: All of these three dimensional symbols are of the dead. Even the “Jesus” on the crucifix is a dead Jesus. They are used in Catholic piety to direct prayers to dead “saints”. Talking to the dead is strictly forbidden by the bible. Thus, these items constitute idols, just as much as Buddhas.
10. Rosaries are also a problem because they are rooted in the Hindu concept of the mantra, and the mala. Mantra is the continued repetition of certain “sacred” names or prayers. The Lord forbids it Matthew 6:7 Later the Muslims adopted this form of prayer. Roseries are prayed to Mary, where you are actually praying to a dead woman, which is actually a demon.
11. Mason material
a) Aprons, sashes, jewels of office
b) Rings, and other jewelry
c. Shriner fezzes
d. Books and ritual monitors
12. Occult or Cultic Books:
a) Magic, New Age, Witchcraft, or astrology books
b) Book of Mormon or other Mormon Books
c) Jehovah’s Wintess literature, their “bible”, the New World Translation
d) Catholic missals, Bibles, hymnals, prayer books ect
e) Literature from any other cult groups.
Others)Celtic Cross. – This seems very innocent, doesn;t it? You often see it around pictures of Jesus’s head. The circle is often described as an halo or an eternity symbol. Much has been made of the similarity between the Celtic Cross and pagan sun symbols. There is a mystic tradition among Celtic Christians of interpreting this as a clairvoyant anticipation of the coming Gospel by the pre-Christian Druids.
C. Pornogrpahy
Christians should not have any pornography in their homes. The oldest idol of worship are the sexual organs. It opens up the door to demonic forces of lust, and whoredoms.
D: Illegal Drugs.
It is kniown that many natural drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, hashish, peyote were once worshipped as Gods. They WILL open up doorways for spiritual attacks from these “gods” which are actually demons. Even liquor has ancient demonic strongholds that can hold one in bondage.
E: Occult Practices
Practicing any occult rituals are open doorways for demonic attacks.
1. Astrology; BEWARE! Some Christian writers actually promote astrology. Some exampoles are “Four Temperaments” Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic use them in their counceling of God Given spiritual gifts. Astrology is a divination in Gods eyes.
This includes the local newspaper Horoscope, and you often see these little books at the end of the checkout at your local grocery store.
2. Other Forms of Divination: These are various ways of for telling the furture. Among the most common are tarot cards, palmistry (reading palms) tea reading, ouija boards, I Ching, (coin or yarrow stalk method)
3. Spiritism- Channeling, Mediumship, following various “channeled entities”
a) J.Z Knight (Ramtha)
b) Jane Roberts (Seth
c) Kevin Ryerson
d) J. Pursell (Lazaris)
e) Penny Torrence (Mafu)
f) Various Marian apparitions – Our lady Medjugorie
4. Visualization- Practices of “Inner Healing” especially when an abuse victim is told to visualize a “Jesus” coming to them in their childhood trauma and conforting them. This is not biblically based
5. Jungian Analysis and dream interpretations Carl Jung’s methods are based on mysticism and astrology and alchemy. They are occult and HIGHLY dangerous.
6. Martial Arts- Especially the “internal styles”
a) TaiChi Chuan
b) Hsing I
c) Pa Kua
d)Kung Fu
e) Aikido
7. Yoga. (Hatha, Gnana, Raja, Bhakti, Tantric ect)
8. Alternative Healing or “Holistic healing)
a) Hypnosis
b)Acupuncture/acupressure/ Touch for Health
c)Polarity Therapy
d)Shiatsu and Reflexology
e)Homopathy
f)Bach Flower Remedies
g) Reichian Therapy- Wilhelm Reich – orgone boxes
h)Rolfing
9. Motivation and Self Improvement Cults
a) The Forum- Werner Erhard
b) Kroning
c)Pacific Institute
d) Transcendental Mediation or “The Science of Creative Science”
e) Eastern Meditation Gurus
Siddhi Yoga/ Swami Muktananda/ Sri Chimnoy/ Gopi Krishna / Swami Rama/ Ananda Marga Yoga Society/ Bhagwhan Shree Rajineesh
F) Silva Mind Control
g) Scientology
h) Lifestream
i) Napoleon Hill (Think and Grow Rich)
J) Possibility Thinking – Robert Schuller
k) Roy masters- Foundation for Human Understanding
10) Stress Reduction Techniques
a) Emptying the Mind
b) Visualization of “wise persons” or “counselors” to help you in decision making
ALL of these objects or materials need to be removed from your home and burned. If you have practiced any of these things, you need to renounce your involvement
FIRST- If you have dabbled into any occult activity, you first need to get saved. If you are not a saved Christian, you have no weapons to fight of demons.
Pray this prayer, and mean it with all your heart.
Lord Jesus, I know that I am a sinner, and unless you save me I am lost forever. I thank you for dying for me at Calvary. I come to you now, Lord the best way I know how, and ask you to save me. I now receive you as my Savior. In Jesus Christ Name, (let it Be).
Second – You need to RENOUNCE YOUR OLD ways. It has been documented that Christains have problems if they DO not Do this. It is very simple but imperitive.
You don’t need to say these exact words, as God looks at your heart and honors what you intend.
“In the name of the Lord Jesus, I now repent of my invovement in the use of (witchcraft, using tarot cards…) and ask you Abba Father, to forgive me. I repent of the sinof (tell the Lord what you did) I only want to follow you. Please forgive me for all the ways I have gone astray in, knowingly and unknowingly that I have forgotton. I only want to serve and honor you, Lord.- In Jesus Name. (Amen-Let it be) I speak now in the authority of the name of the Lord Jesus Christ to all the strongmenand principalities over the occult activities I was involved in AND DECLARE that you have no power over me ANYMORE, FOR I am BOUGHT and Paid for BY THE BLOOD OF JESUS Shed on Calvary. In the Name of the Lord of Jesus Christ, I bind up the powers of darkness and command them to leave my home, and command you to go where the Lord Jesus tells you to go. Lord Jesus, please put a hedge of protection around my home. I love you Jesus. (Let it be)
Third and Last, and JUST AS imperitive- You Need to surrond yourself with Christians, Read the Bible, and Pray and Fast